Marinate the shrimp. In a small bowl, mix 1 tablespoon of neutral oil, the minced garlic clove, ¾ teaspoon salt, and 1 teaspoon dried thyme. Add the shrimp and toss well so they’re fully coated. Pop it in the fridge for about 30 minutes while you prep the rest.
Cook the pasta. Bring a pot of salted water to a boil. Add the pasta and cook according to package directions until al dente. Before draining, save ¼ cup of that starchy pasta water. Set both the pasta and the water aside.
Sauté the vegetables. In a large pan over medium heat, add the remaining 1 tablespoon neutral oil and 1 tablespoon unsalted butter. Once melted, toss in the diced shallot and cook for about 4 minutes until softened and translucent. Add the zucchini and bell pepper, then sprinkle with the remaining ¾ teaspoon salt and ½ teaspoon dried thyme. Stir and cook for about 6 minutes, just until the veggies are tender but still have a bit of bite. Transfer them to a bowl.
Cook the shrimp. In the same pan, add the marinated shrimp in a single layer. Cook for 1 ½ minutes per side, just until they turn pink and opaque. Stir in the chopped chipotles in adobo and let that smoky aroma bloom.
Bring it all together. Return the vegetables to the pan with the shrimp. Add the cooked pasta, the remaining 1 tablespoon butter, and the reserved ¼ cup pasta water. Toss everything gently and let it cook for about 3 minutes so the sauce coats the pasta.
Finish and serve. Add the lemon zest and the juice of half a lemon. Stir gently, taste for salt, and adjust if needed. If you’re using Parmesan cheese, sprinkle it in now and give it one last toss. Cover the pan with a lid, remove from heat, and let it rest for 3 to 5 minutes so the flavors settle and the cheese melts. Serve warm, garnished with cilantro if you like, and maybe an extra wedge of lemon on the side.